International society of sports nutrition position stand: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on an analysis of the literature regarding the effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB). The following 12 points have been a...
Rathmacher JA, Pitchford LM, Stout JR et al. — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Age-related muscle anabolic resistance: inevitable or preventable?
Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and performance, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, has wide-ranging detrimental effects on human health, the ramifications of which can have serious implications for both morbidity and mortality. Variou...
Aragon AA, Tipton KD, Schoenfeld BJ — Nutrition reviews
Whey Protein, Leucine- and Vitamin-D-Enriched Oral Nutritional Supplementation for the Treatment of Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia has been recognized as a muscle disease, with adverse consequences on health. Updated recommendations, aimed at increasing awareness of sarcopenia and its accompanying risks, have been produced to urge the early detection and treatment ...
Cereda E, Pisati R, Rondanelli M et al. — Nutrients
Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in disease and nondisease states in humans: mechanisms, prevention, and recovery strategies
Decreased skeletal muscle contractile activity (disuse) or unloading leads to muscle mass loss, also known as muscle atrophy. The balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) is the primary determinant of skele...
Nunes EA, Stokes T, McKendry J et al. — American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals. Based on the current available literature, the position of the Society is as follo...
Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI et al. — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey
Skeletal muscle is an integral body tissue playing key roles in strength, performance, physical function, and metabolic regulation. It is essential for athletes to ensure that they have optimal amounts of muscle mass to ensure peak performance in ...
Devries MC, Phillips SM — Journal of food science
The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption
Clinical and consumer market interest is increasingly directed toward the use of plant-based proteins as dietary components aimed at preserving or increasing skeletal muscle mass. However, recent evidence suggests that the ingestion of the plant-b...
van Vliet S, Burd NA, van Loon LJ — The Journal of nutrition
A brief review of critical processes in exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy
With regular practice, resistance exercise can lead to gains in skeletal muscle mass by means of hypertrophy. The process of skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy comes about as a result of the confluence of positive muscle protein balance and satelli...
Phillips SM — Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
Protein ingestion before sleep improves postexercise overnight recovery
The role of nutrition in modulating postexercise overnight recovery remains to be elucidated. We assessed the effect of protein ingestion immediately before sleep on digestion and absorption kinetics and protein metabolism during overnight recover...
Res PT, Groen B, Pennings B et al. — Medicine and science in sports and exercise
Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation
Opinion on the role of protein in promoting athletic performance is divided along the lines of how much aerobic-based versus resistance-based activity the athlete undertakes. Athletes seeking to gain muscle mass and strength are likely to consume ...
Phillips SM, Van Loon LJ — Journal of sports sciences
Human muscle protein synthesis and breakdown during and after exercise
Skeletal muscle demonstrates extraordinary mutability in its responses to exercise of different modes, intensity, and duration, which must involve alterations of muscle protein turnover, both acutely and chronically. Here, we bring together inform...
Kumar V, Atherton P, Smith K et al. — Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men
This study was designed to compare the acute response of mixed muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to rapidly (i.e., whey hydrolysate and soy) and slowly (i.e., micellar casein) digested proteins both at rest and after resistance exercise. Three groups...
Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW et al. — Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)