Mechanisms of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Weight Loss: A Review of Central and Peripheral Pathways in Appetite and Energy Regulation
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) have become central in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, primarily through appetite suppression and metabolic regulation. This review explores the mechanisms underlying GLP-1 RA-induced w...
Moiz A, Filion KB, Tsoukas MA et al. — The American journal of medicine
Tirzepatide for overweight and obesity management
Tirzepatide is a once-weekly dual agonist, acting on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. It is approved at the same doses (5, 10 and 15 mg) for both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chr...
Hamza M, Papamargaritis D, Davies MJ — Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
GLP-1 physiology in obesity and development of incretin-based drugs for chronic weight management
The introduction of the highly potent incretin receptor agonists semaglutide and tirzepatide has marked a new era in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. With normalisation of glycated haemoglobin levels and weight losses around 15-25%, t...
Holst JJ — Nature metabolism
GLP-1 Agonists for Weight Loss: Pharmacology and Clinical Implications
This review investigates the various pharmacologic treatments for overweight and obesity in adults, especially glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists. In light of the globally expanding obesity pandemic and the limited selection of treatmen...
Moore PW, Malone K, VanValkenburg D et al. — Advances in therapy
Incretin hormones and type 2 diabetes
Incretin hormones (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Along with their derivatives they have shown therapeutic success in type 2 diabetes, ...
Nauck MA, Müller TD — Diabetologia
Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous and lymphatic circulation dis...
Popoviciu MS, Păduraru L, Yahya G et al. — International journal of molecular sciences
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Their Pancreatic Effects
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin secretory molecule. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) due to their attributes such as body weight loss, protection of islet β cells, p...
Zhao X, Wang M, Wen Z et al. — Frontiers in endocrinology
The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
The discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone with important effects on glycemic control and body weight regulation, led to efforts to extend its half-life and make it therapeutically effective in people with type 2 diabete...
Knudsen LB, Lau J — Frontiers in endocrinology
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, decrease of gastric emptying, inhibition ...
Müller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR et al. — Molecular metabolism
GLP-1: Molecular mechanisms and outcomes of a complex signaling system
Meal ingestion provokes the release of hormones and transmitters, which in turn regulate energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. One such hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has received significant attention in the treatment of obesity and...
Smith NK, Hackett TA, Galli A et al. — Neurochemistry international
Incretin hormones: Their role in health and disease
Incretin hormones are gut peptides that are secreted after nutrient intake and stimulate insulin secretion together with hyperglycaemia. GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) und GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) are the known incretin ...
Nauck MA, Meier JJ — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP
This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating the synthesis, secretion, biological actions, and therapeutic relevance of the incretin peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The published...
Baggio LL, Drucker DJ — Gastroenterology